In the case of some other verbs, the past participle form is different from the past simple form. Some verbs have the same past simple and past participle forms. Past participles are forms like wanted, broken, started, begun etc. (Here the present participle raining helps in the formation of the present perfect continuous tense.) (Here the present participle waiting goes after the verb be and forms the present continuous verb are waiting.) Present participles, on the other hand, are mainly used to form continuous tense forms. (Here the gerund singing acts as the subject of the verb is.) (Here the gerund smoking acts as the subject of the verb is.) They can be the subject or object of a verb or preposition. Although both gerunds and present participles look alike, they have totally different grammatical properties. Note that present participles are often confused with gerunds. When –ing forms are used to make continuous tense forms, they are called present participles.
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